"The MOST IMPORTANT STRATEGIC WAYS AFFECTING The ABBASID STATE’S TRADE With OTHER COUNTRIES ) SILK ROAD As A MODEL)". Islamic Sciences Journal 10, no. 5 (مارس 17, 2023): 259–276. تاريخ الوصول يوليو 24, 2026. https://jis.tu.edu.iq/index.php/jis/article/view/135.